Achieve culinary precision and dietary versatility with the right manual spiralizer. This kitchen essential transforms everyday produce into delightful zoodles, ribbons, and spaghetti-like strands. Exploring the best manual spiralizer options reveals a spectrum of designs, from compact, hand-held models ideal for small kitchens to robust countertop units built for heavy-duty vegetable preparation.
The optimal unit balances blade sharpness, ease of operation, stable non-slip bases, and dishwasher-safe components for seamless cleanup. Understanding the nuances of different cutting mechanisms and material construction is key to unlocking the full potential of this innovative tool.
Ready to elevate your meal prep and explore exciting new recipes? Dive into our curated selection to find the best manual spiralizer that fits your needs.
Ready to Spiralize? Top Picks Compared!
1. Brieftons 5-Blade Vegetable Spiralizer: Best Zucchini Spiral Slicer & Veggie
Transform your kitchen into a hub for healthy eating with the Brieftons 5-Blade Vegetable Spiralizer. Effortlessly create beautiful vegetable noodles, spirals, and ribbons in under two minutes, making it the ultimate tool for low-carb, keto, paleo, and gluten-free lifestyles.
This heavy-duty spiral vegetable cutter features five distinct, Japanese stainless steel blades for endless culinary creations, from delicate angel hair zucchini noodles to hearty sweet potato spirals. Its industrial-strength suction base ensures unparalleled stability on any smooth countertop, delivering consistent results every time you spiralize. Enjoy quick meal prep and healthier eating options with this user-friendly vegetable noodle maker.
Pros
- Versatile Blade Selection: Comes equipped with five labeled, razor-sharp Japanese stainless steel blades (2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, and ribbon cuts) offering incredible versatility for creating different pasta shapes and salad ribbons, catering to all your spiralizing needs.
- Exceptional Stability: Features an oversized, industrial-strength suction pad that locks firmly onto smooth surfaces, preventing any slippage during operation, a significant advantage over less stable vertical spiralizers.
- User-Friendly & Safe Design: Engineered for ease of use with minimal grip force required, intuitive blade selection, and built-in safety features like a platform slide stop and safety-locking blade rack, making it ideal even for those with arthritis.
- Durable and Easy to Clean: Constructed with heavy-duty materials and high-quality stainless steel blades that are rust-proof and stay sharp, this vegetable noodle maker is designed for longevity and rinses clean quickly under running water. The integrated blade storage caddy further enhances safety and organization.
- Comprehensive Kit: Includes not just the spiralizer and blades, but also a blade storage caddy, a detailed 12-page manual, and access to four exclusive Brieftons recipe eBooks packed with over 100 recipes, making it a complete package for anyone looking to embrace healthy spiralized meals.
Cons
- Surface Dependency: Optimal performance relies on a smooth, non-porous countertop surface for the suction base to function effectively; performance may be reduced on textured or uneven surfaces.
The Brieftons 5-Blade Vegetable Spiralizer is an outstanding choice for home cooks seeking to increase their vegetable intake and enjoy healthier meal alternatives. Its robust build, intuitive design, and comprehensive accessory pack make it a top-tier manual spiralizer for creating delicious zoodles, sweet potato noodles, and vibrant vegetable salads with ease and consistency.
2. Fullstar Vegetable Spiralizer and Slicer – Zucchini Spiralizer Noodle Maker
Transform your kitchen creations with the Fullstar Vegetable Spiralizer and Slicer. This innovative 4-in-1 tool is the ultimate solution for crafting delicious veggie noodles and healthy pasta alternatives, making meal prep both fun and efficient.
Designed for ultimate versatility, this spiralizer noodle maker offers a compact, space-saving design. It features four distinct cutting options, including thick spirals, thin spaghetti-like noodles, and elegant ribbon cuts, all managed with interchangeable blades. The integrated catch container and lid ensure a clean workspace and convenient storage of your spiralized vegetables.
Pros
- Space-Saving 4-in-1 Design: Eliminates clutter by combining four cutting functions into one compact unit, making it an ideal kitchen gadget for any size home.
- Mess-Free Operation & Storage: The included built-in container catches all your spiralized veggies and comes with a lid, simplifying cleanup and allowing for easy storage of fresh ingredients.
- Versatile Cutting Options: Effortlessly switch between four precision blade settings to create thick spirals, thin zucchini noodles, ribbon cuts, or combination styles, catering to diverse culinary needs from zucchini to sweet potatoes.
- Enhanced Safety Features: A multi-pronged finger guard protects your hands during use, maximizing vegetable yield with a non-slip grip for stable and secure operation, producing consistent cuts.
- Dishwasher Safe & BPA-Free: Enjoy hassle-free cleaning as the entire unit disassembles for safe and easy dishwasher cleaning. Constructed from durable, BPA-free materials for healthy eating.
Cons
- While versatile for most vegetables, very hard root vegetables might require a bit more effort to spiralize compared to softer options.
Embrace healthier eating and culinary creativity with this essential vegetable slicer. The Fullstar spiralizer is your go-to tool for quick, uniform vegetable noodles, perfect for families seeking nutritious and appealing meal options without the fuss.
3. 6-Blade Vegetable Spiralizer Spiral Slicer Veggie Pasta Spaghetti Maker for
Transform your kitchen creations with the WellToBe 6-Blade Vegetable Spiralizer, the ultimate tool for crafting healthy and delicious meals. Effortlessly create beautiful veggie pasta, elegant ribbons, and fun curly fries, making nutritious eating an exciting culinary adventure for your entire family.
Engineered with premium 304 stainless steel, this robust spiral slicer features six interchangeable blades capable of handling a wide variety of firm fruits and vegetables. From delicate angel-hair zucchini to hearty sweet potato noodles, achieve perfect spiral cuts quickly and efficiently. Its thoughtful design accommodates vegetables up to
8 inches long and 5 inches wide, ensuring versatility for all your culinary needs.
Pros
- Premium Construction & Versatile Blades: Crafted from superior 304 food-grade stainless steel, this spiralizer boasts an impressive 6-blade system, including ultra-thin and thick options, for unparalleled customization in your vegetable noodle creations.
- Effortless & Fast Preparation: Significantly reduce prep time compared to manual chopping. This effective vegetable slicer turns firm produce into appealing spaghetti and ribbons in minutes, simplifying meal preparation and encouraging healthier eating habits.
- Durable & User-Friendly Design: Features a sturdy build designed for frequent use and includes a convenient blade storage box, keeping your interchangeable blades organized and safe. The intuitive design makes it easy to switch between blade types for diverse recipes.
- Exceptional Value & Comprehensive Bundle: Receive a complete spiralizing kit with all 6 blades, an extra blade caddy for enhanced safety and organization, and unmatched quality that surpasses older, weaker designs on the market.
Cons
- While effective for most firm vegetables, the spiralizer might require more effort for very hard root vegetables, potentially necessitating pre-cutting for certain tough produce items.
The WellToBe 6-Blade Vegetable Spiralizer is an essential kitchen gadget for anyone prioritizing healthy eating and seeking creative ways to prepare vegetables. Elevate your salads, pasta dishes, and side meals with perfectly spiraled produce, making it an ideal choice for low-carb enthusiasts and families alike.
4. OXO Good Grips 3-Blade Tabletop Spiralizer with StrongHold Suction
Transform your kitchen creations with the OXO Good Grips 3-Blade Tabletop Spiralizer. Effortlessly craft vibrant vegetable noodles, spiralized salads, and healthy curly fries, making meal prep exciting and nutritious.
This versatile kitchen tool allows for quick and easy spiralizing of fruits and vegetables using its three interchangeable stainless steel blades: spaghetti (1/8-inch), fettuccine (1/4-inch), and ribbon cuts. Its innovative StrongHold suction ensures unwavering stability on any countertop, while the onboard storage keeps blades neat and accessible.
Pros
- Achieve restaurant-quality vegetable noodles and garnishes with three distinct blade options for various culinary applications, from pasta alternatives to decorative toppings.
- Experience unparalleled countertop grip thanks to the robust StrongHold suction cup, providing a stable and secure spiralizing experience without slippage.
- Enjoy convenient organization and safety with a removable blade box that neatly stores sharp blades and an onboard mechanism for compact storage when not in use.
- Prepare ingredients efficiently with the food holder featuring sharp teeth that securely grip produce for safe and consistent spiralizing, minimizing waste and maximizing ease.
Cons
- May require some manual effort to advance tougher or larger vegetables through the blades, especially when compared to electric models.
Elevate your healthy eating journey with the OXO Good Grips 3-Blade Tabletop Spiralizer. Perfect for home cooks seeking a durable, user-friendly, and efficient way to incorporate more fruits and vegetables into their diet, it’s an indispensable gadget for creating visually appealing and delicious dishes.
5. OXO Good Grips Handheld Spiralizer
Elevate your healthy eating with the OXO Good Grips Handheld Spiralizer, your ultimate kitchen companion for transforming vegetables into delightful, noodle-like strands. Effortlessly create a variety of visually appealing and nutritious dishes, from vibrant zucchini pasta to elegant potato garnishes, making healthy meal preparation fun and easy.
This ingenious handheld tool is designed for versatility, adeptly spiralizing both long vegetables like cucumbers and carrots, and round produce such as potatoes and sweet potatoes. It’s the perfect solution for low-carb lifestyles, inspiring creative salads, flavorful frittatas, and delectable desserts. The user-friendly design ensures a comfortable and safe experience for everyone.
The user-friendly design ensures a comfortable and safe experience for everyone.
Pros
- Crafts uniform spiral vegetable noodles from a wide range of produce, including zucchini, cucumbers, potatoes, and sweet potatoes, ideal for healthy eating enthusiasts.
- Enables culinary creativity for dishes like nutrient-rich pasta alternatives, attractive salad garnishes, crispy curly fries, and innovative low-carb entrees.
- Features a secure, non-slip grip for comfortable handling and a food holder that protects hands during use and doubles as a cap for safe, compact storage.
- Dishwasher safe for effortless cleanup, saving valuable time in the kitchen after meal preparation.
- Its compact, handheld design is perfect for quickly preparing individual portions or small batches of spiralized vegetables.
Cons
- May require more effort for very hard vegetables compared to larger countertop models, though it performs exceptionally well on most common produce.
The OXO Good Grips Handheld Spiralizer is an exceptional tool for anyone looking to add more vegetables to their diet in a fun and engaging way. Its thoughtful design, ease of use, and cleaning convenience make it a standout choice for creating healthy, delicious, and visually appealing meals, appealing to home cooks seeking a practical spiral vegetable cutter.
6. KitchenAid 7 Blade Spiralizer Plus with Peel, Core and Slice
Transform your healthy eating habits with the KitchenAid 7 Blade Spiralizer Plus. Effortlessly create beautiful vegetable noodles, ribbons, and more, turning everyday meals into culinary creations. Unlock endless possibilities for fresh, vibrant dishes powered by your KitchenAid Stand Mixer.
Designed to seamlessly connect to any KitchenAid Stand Mixer’s power hub, this premium metal attachment leverages the mixer’s motor for consistent, powerful operation. With seven quick-change blades including three spiralizing options, three slicing variations, and an optional peeling blade, you gain exceptional versatility for all your vegetable and fruit preparation needs.
Pros
- Versatile Blade System: Enjoy unmatched variety with 7 distinct blades for spiralizing, slicing (both small and large core), and peeling, catering to diverse recipe requirements and culinary creativity.
- Durable & Stable Construction: Crafted with premium metal, this KitchenAid mixer attachment ensures long-lasting performance and provides a stable, easy-to-use experience when connected to your stand mixer.
- Convenient Storage Solution: All blades and accessories neatly fit into an included, specially designed storage case, keeping everything organized and readily accessible for your next meal prep session.
- Effortless Cleaning: The dishwasher-safe blades (top rack) and easy-to-wipe body simplify post-meal cleanup, saving you valuable time in the kitchen.
Cons
- Requires a KitchenAid Stand Mixer (sold separately) to operate, making it an accessory rather than a standalone appliance.
The KitchenAid 7 Blade Spiralizer Plus is an indispensable tool for anyone looking to incorporate more fresh produce into their diet with creativity and ease. Whether you’re craving zucchini noodles, curly fries, or thinly sliced apples, this high-quality attachment offers a robust and simple solution for healthier, more visually appealing meals.
7. Joseph Joseph Spiro Hand Held Vegetable Slicer Spiralizer, Spaghetti Zoodle
Transform your healthy eating with the Joseph Joseph Spiro Hand Held Vegetable Slicer! Effortlessly create beautiful, uniform spiralized vegetables and fruits, turning everyday meals into vibrant, exciting dishes.
This innovative handheld spiralizer is designed for ease of use, featuring a self-aligning mechanism that ensures straight cuts every time. With three versatile blades—coarse, fine, and rotary grating—you can achieve a variety of textures for salads, garnishes, side dishes, and even low-carb pasta alternatives like zoodles. The integrated container catches your culinary creations, minimizing mess as you twist the comfortable, soft-grip handle.
Pros
- Versatile Blade System: Includes coarse and fine spiralizer blades for creating spaghetti-like strands or wider ribbons, plus a rotary grating blade for finely shredded ingredients, offering excellent adaptability for various recipes.
- Effortless Operation: The unique self-aligning design guides vegetables and fruits straight, making the spiralizing process simple and efficient for users of all skill levels.
- Convenient Container: Comes with a container base that neatly collects the spiralized produce, keeping your countertop clean and reducing post-meal cleanup time.
- Ergonomic Design: Features a soft-grip handle for comfortable twisting and control, enhancing the user experience during operation.
- Dishwasher Safe: All components are designed for easy cleaning, being completely dishwasher safe, which saves valuable time in the kitchen.
Cons
- Handheld Size Limitations: While convenient for smaller vegetables, larger or irregularly shaped produce might be more challenging to spiralize effectively compared to larger countertop models.
The Joseph Joseph Spiro makes healthy eating fun and accessible. Whether you’re craving zucchini noodles, colorful veggie salads, or simply want to add a decorative touch to your meals, this handheld spiralizer is a fantastic addition to any kitchen. Its compact size and user-friendly nature make it an ideal choice for quick meal preparation.
Its compact size and user-friendly nature make it an ideal choice for quick meal preparation.
8. OXO Good Grips Julienne Prep Peeler
Unlock a world of healthy eating with the OXO Good Grips Julienne Prep Peeler, your secret weapon for effortlessly transforming vegetables into beautiful, restaurant-quality strands. This essential kitchen tool makes preparing ingredients for salads, garnishes, and stir-fries a breeze, bringing culinary creativity right to your countertop.
Crafted with sharp, rust-proof stainless steel blades and a comfortable, non-slip ergonomic handle, the OXO Julienne Prep Peeler offers precise control for creating perfect julienne strips from carrots, zucchini, cucumbers, and more. Its compact Y-peeler design ensures easy maneuverability for all grip types, making light work of tedious prep tasks, and it’s conveniently dishwasher safe for easy cleanup.
Pros
- Effortlessly creates uniform julienne strips for attractive presentations of vegetables, mimicking the results of a manual spiralizer or mandoline.
- The compact Y-peeler shape is comfortable and easy to handle, providing excellent control for detailed vegetable prep.
- Durable, rust-resistant stainless steel blades ensure sustained sharpness and longevity, a key benefit for a practical kitchen gadget.
- Features a non-slip, ergonomic handle that enhances safety and comfort during use, even with repeated motion.
- Dishwasher safe for simple and convenient cleaning after meal preparation.
Cons
- Limited to julienne cuts; it does not produce wider noodles or spiral shapes like dedicated manual spiralizers.
For those seeking a simple yet effective way to add vegetable ribbons to their diet, the OXO Good Grips Julienne Prep Peeler is an outstanding choice. It’s an ideal addition to any kitchen for anyone who enjoys fresh, vibrant, and beautifully prepared produce with minimal effort.
9. Brieftons QuickFold 5-Blade Spiralizer: Versatile & Compact Foldable Vegetable Spiral
Transform your healthy eating journey with the Brieftons QuickFold 5-Blade Spiralizer, the ultimate kitchen gadget for creating delicious, low-carb, gluten-free meals in minutes. Effortlessly switch between five distinct blades to craft everything from delicate angel-hair zucchini noodles to robust curly sweet potato fries, making vegetable prep exciting and versatile.
Crafted for durability and ease of use, this heavy-duty vegetable spiralizer features ultra-sharp Japanese 420-grade stainless steel blades and a robust BPA-free construction. Its innovative QuickFold design allows for instant setup and compact storage, complemented by an oversized suction pad for superior stability, ensuring a seamless spiralizing experience for all your favorite root vegetables and greens.
Pros
- Versatile Cutting Options: Includes five clearly labeled blades (2/3/5/7mm and ribbon) for an exceptional range of noodle and spiral cuts, perfect for various recipes like pasta alternatives and vibrant salads.
- Superior Stability and Safety: Features an oversized, foolproof suction pad that locks firmly onto countertops, preventing movement during use, and a dedicated blade caddy for safe and organized blade storage.
- Durable and High-Quality Construction: Utilizes ultra-sharp, rust-proof Japanese 420-grade stainless steel blades and 100% BPA-free reinforced plastic for both the handles and body, ensuring longevity and safe food preparation.
- Compact and User-Friendly Design: The QuickFold mechanism allows for quick setup and effortless folding for compact storage, making it ideal for smaller kitchens; it’s also designed for dead easy cleaning.
- Exceptional Value Bundle: Comes with a comprehensive package including 5 blades, blade caddy, cleaning brush, user manual, online guides, and multiple recipe ebooks, offering immediate inspiration for healthy meals.
Cons
- While powerful, the small corer can sometimes lead to slightly more waste compared to larger spiralizer models, meaning you might need to trim tougher centers.
The Brieftons QuickFold 5-Blade Spiralizer is an excellent choice for anyone seeking to embrace healthier eating habits with ease and creativity. It’s particularly suited for those following low-carb, vegan, vegetarian, or gluten-free diets, transforming everyday vegetables into exciting culinary creations suitable for daily meals and special occasions.
10. Veggetti Veggie Slicer, Dual Stainless Steel Blade Vegetable Cutter for
Transform your meals into nutritious, carb-free masterpieces with the Veggetti Veggie Slicer. Effortlessly create delicious vegetable noodles for pasta dishes, stir-fries, and salads.
This innovative kitchen tool makes healthy eating simple and enjoyable for everyone.
Designed for ease of use, the Veggetti features dual stainless steel blades for convenient spiralizing. Simply twist your favorite vegetables to enjoy a delightful, healthy alternative to traditional pasta.
Its durable plastic construction ensures longevity, making it a staple for any health-conscious home cook.
Pros
- Dual Blade Versatility: Switch between thick and thin spiral strands with two separate, sharp stainless steel blades for customized noodle textures.
- Effortless Operation: A simple twist motion quickly transforms vegetables into appealing spiral noodles, perfect for busy kitchens.
- Secure Vegetable Grip: A spiked holder firmly grips shorter vegetable pieces, maximizing usage and ensuring safety during slicing.
- Ideal for Healthy Swaps: Easily create zucchini noodles, squash spaghetti, and cucumber ribbons as a delicious, low-carb alternative to traditional pasta.
Cons
- Requires Manual Effort: As a manual spiralizer, it necessitates physical twisting to create the vegetable noodles, unlike electric models.
The Veggetti Veggie Slicer is an excellent choice for anyone looking to incorporate more vegetables into their diet without sacrificing flavor or texture. It’s your go-to kitchen gadget for creating fun, healthy spiralized dishes with minimal effort.
Your Guide to the Best Manual Spiralizer
Blade types and versatility
The assortment of blades and their adaptability are paramount to unlocking your kitchen’s vegetable transformation potential.
A wider range of blade shapes directly translates to the versatility of the culinary creations you can achieve, moving beyond mere functionality to offer creative flair.
Different blade configurations, such as those designed for creating fine spaghetti-like strands, wider fettuccine ribbons, or classic julienne strips, drastically alter the texture and presentation of your raw or cooked vegetables. Consider whether a model features permanently integrated blades or a swappable system.
Swappable blades typically offer greater flexibility, often including storage solutions for unused attachments and providing the ability to achieve various noodle thicknesses and styles, from paper-thin zucchini ribbons to robust carrot spirals. This adaptability ensures your kitchen tool can meet diverse recipe demands, whether you’re crafting a light salad, a hearty pasta alternative, or intricate garnishes.
Material and durability
The composition and resilience of your vegetable slicer are paramount to its longevity and your kitchen safety.
Opting for materials that are not only robust but also health-conscious significantly enhances your culinary experience. You’ll find many quality vegetable tools crafted from either food-grade plastics, often certified BPA-free to ensure no harmful chemicals leach into your food, or durable stainless steel. Stainless steel varieties offer superior resistance to rust, staining, and odors, promising a tool that stays hygienic and attractive over time.
Stainless steel varieties offer superior resistance to rust, staining, and odors, promising a tool that stays hygienic and attractive over time. Look for sturdy constructions that can withstand consistent use, resisting cracks, bends, or breaks even when processing firmer vegetables like carrots or sweet potatoes.
The inherent sturdiness of the materials directly relates to a spiralizer’s ability to resist wear and tear, ensuring it remains a reliable kitchen companion for countless meals. A well-built unit, whether plastic or metal, should feel solid in your hands and demonstrate an unwavering performance, slicing through produce smoothly without faltering.
Ease of use and cleaning
Effortless operation and straightforward cleanup are paramount for any kitchen gadget you plan to use regularly.
A well-designed spiral cutter should allow for intuitive use, meaning minimal fumbling with assembly or complicated mechanisms. Look for features like ergonomic grips that provide a secure hold, enhancing both stability as you process vegetables and maneuverability for precise control, preventing slips and ensuring consistent results. This ease of handling is vital for enjoyable meal preparation, especially when working with firmer produce.
This ease of handling is vital for enjoyable meal preparation, especially when working with firmer produce.
Beyond the initial preparation, the post-meal cleanup process significantly influences satisfaction. Ideally, components should be dishwasher-safe, allowing for a quick rinse and load to free up your time.
However, even with manual washing, the design should facilitate easy access to all nooks and crannies, preventing food debris from getting trapped. Simplicity in both setup and maintenance transforms this tool from a chore into a delightful kitchen aid, encouraging frequent use for creating healthy, vegetable-centric dishes.
Size and storage
A compact footprint is paramount for any kitchen enthusiast aiming to maximize counter space, especially in smaller homes. This means considering how much room the spiralizing tool occupies both when in operation and when tucked away.
The ability to confidently tackle firm vegetables without wobbling is a testament to superior stability. Look for models with sturdy bases and strong suction cups or non-slip feet that anchor securely to your countertop, preventing frustrating movement during vigorous use.
Furthermore, a well-designed unit will offer straightforward storage solutions, ensuring that all interchangeable blades and accessories are kept together neatly and safely, preventing loss and making your next culinary creation session efficient and hassle-free.
Beyond sheer dimensions, evaluate the stability mechanisms, such as integrated locking systems or robust construction materials, that ensure a steady performance. Efficient storage is also key; investigate whether the device includes a dedicated compartment or case for its various cutting heads and attachments. This thoughtful design minimizes clutter and protects sharp components, contributing to an overall positive user experience.
Quick Best Manual Spiralizer Buying Checklist
- Consider Blade Variety: Ensure it offers blades for different noodle cuts.
- Check Material Quality: Opt for durable, BPA-free, food-grade materials.
- Look for Stability: Non-slip feet or suction cups enhance safety.
- Assess Ease of Cleaning: Dishwasher-safe parts are a major convenience.
- Evaluate Size and Storage: Choose a model that fits your kitchen space.
- Read User Reviews: Gauge real-world performance and durability.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Vegetables Work Best With A Manual Spiralizer?
Firm vegetables like zucchini, carrots, cucumbers, sweet potatoes, and beets are ideal for spiralizing. Softer vegetables may not hold their shape as well.
How Do I Clean My Manual Spiralizer?
Most manual spiralizers are easy to clean with warm, soapy water. Check if your model has dishwasher-safe parts for even greater convenience. Be cautious with sharp blades.
Are Manual Spiralizers Difficult To Use?
Generally, manual spiralizers are quite user-friendly. They usually involve placing the vegetable in the holder and turning a crank. Some require more or less effort depending on the vegetable’s firmness.
What’S The Difference Between A Drum Spiralizer And A Crank Spiralizer?
Drum spiralizers use interchangeable drums for different cuts, while crank spiralizers typically have fixed blades and require turning a handle to process vegetables.
Can I Spiralize Fruits With A Manual Spiralizer?
Yes, many manual spiralizers can also handle firmer fruits like apples for creative desserts or salads. Avoid overly soft fruits.
Final Words
By understanding these key factors, you can confidently select the best manual spiralizer for your kitchen. These handy tools transform ordinary produce into fun, healthy, and appealing meals.
Start creating delicious, vegetable-based dishes with ease and enjoy a more vibrant diet.
